Clinical prevalence and outcome of cardiovascular events in the first 100 days postallogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant

Introduction: Recent advances in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) have allowed us to offer HSCT to older, advanced disease patients with more co-morbidities. Cardiovascular toxicity post-transplant is a major concern due to the increased risk of mortality. Few studies have examined the prevalence of CV events including CAD (MI, angina, PCI, CABG, CHF, arrhythmias), HTN, stroke/TIA, and death in the first 100 days post-transplant.
Patients: We assessed the impact of pretransplant MUGA results in predicting postallogeneic HSCT CV events and overall survival in the first 100 days, and whether or not transient anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy or cumulative anthracycline dose affected overall survival. This retrospective, cohort study included 665 patients with a median age of 52 years who underwent HSCT from 2009 to 2015.
Results: The most frequent CV event in the first 100 days post-HSCT was arrhythmia seen in 2.9% of patients followed up by CHF (12.3%), MI (9%), and angina (8%). Two patients had PCI, and both survived the first 100 days. Cardiovascular risk factors predict for a poor MUGA scan but not survival. Higher dose anthracycline pretransplant predicted for a poor outcome.
Conclusion: A history of CV disease, MI, or CAD was the most important predictive of CV events, P-value = .00002. 88.6% survived the first 100 days. Patients with an EF 60% (OR = 5.3, 95% CI [1.6-18.1], P = .0219). Cumulative anthracycline dose did not have a significant impact on overall survival.