01946nas a2200181   4500008003900000245007200039210006900111300000700180490000800187520143300195100001401628700001401642700001701656700001601673700001401689700001601703856004501719       2022                          d00aRenal Cell Carcinoma and Kidney Transplantation: A Narrative Review0 aRenal Cell Carcinoma and Kidney Transplantation A Narrative Revi  a520 v1063 aKidney transplant recipients (KTRs) are at increased risk of developing renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The cancer can be encountered at different steps in the transplant process. RCC found during work-up of a transplant candidate needs treatment and to limit the risk of recurrence usually a mandatory observation period before transplantation is recommended. An observation period may be omitted for candidates with incidentally discovered and excised small RCCs (<3 cm). Likewise, RCC in the donor organ may not always preclude usage if tumor is small (<2 to 4 cm) and removed with clear margins before transplantation. After transplantation, 90% of RCCs are detected in the native kidneys, particularly if acquired cystic kidney disease has developed during prolonged dialysis. Screening for RCC after transplantation has not been found cost-effective. Treatment of RCC in KTRs poses challenges with adjustments of immunosuppression and oncologic treatments. For localized RCC, excision or nephrectomy is often curative. For metastatic RCC, recent landmark trials in the nontransplanted population demonstrate that immunotherapy combinations improve survival. Dedicated trials in KTRs are lacking. Case series on immune checkpoint inhibitors in solid organ recipients with a range of cancer types indicate partial or complete tumor response in approximately one-third of the patients at the cost of rejection developing in ~40%.1 aDahle, DO1 aSkauby, M1 aLangberg, CW1 aBrabrand, K1 aWessel, N1 aMidtvedt, K  uhttps://notifylibrary.org/reference/5069