@article {379,
	title = {Microbial contamination in an in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer system},
	journal = {Fertil Steril},
	volume = {66},
	year = {1996},
	note = {Cottell, E McMorrow, J Lennon, B Fawsy, M Cafferkey, M Harrison, R F Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t United states Fertility and sterility Fertil Steril. 1996 Nov;66(5):776-80.},
	month = {Nov},
	pages = {776 - 80},
	edition = {35370},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To determine sources and transmission of microorganisms in IVF-ET and efficacy of in-place controlling systems. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: In Vitro Fertilization-Embryo Transfer Unit at a university teaching hospital. PATIENTS: Twenty-eight couples undergoing 30 completed IVF-ET cycles. INTERVENTIONS: Gamete and embryo processing in a penicillin and streptomycin-rich medium. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Presence of microorganisms at various stages of IVF-ET. Fertilization, cleavage, and pregnancy rates. RESULTS: In 50\% of cycles no microorganisms were isolated and in the other 50\% microbes were cultured from various loci. Cultures of four preprocessed semen samples were positive and corresponding postprocessed samples negative. Microbes were detected in 27\% of needle washes after oocyte collection; in 40\% and 32\% of follicular fluids from left and right ovaries, respectively; and in two culture media from egg-sperm incubations at 20 hours after insemination. No microorganisms were grown from media from zygote incubations. Fertilization, cleavage, and pregnancy rates were independent of microbial presence. CONCLUSION: Seminal fluid and transvaginally collected oocytes are potential sources of microbial contamination of the IVF-ET culture system. A penicillin- and streptomycin-rich culture medium is effective in removing contaminating microbes. End point measures are not affected by commensal contamination.},
	keywords = {*Embryo Transfer, *Fertilization in Vitro, Culture Media, Culture Techniques, Female, Humans, Infertility / etiology / therapy, Male, Oocytes / *microbiology, Pregnancy, Prospective Studies, Semen / *microbiology},
	issn = {0015-0282 (Print) 0015-0282 (Linking)},
	author = {Cottell,E. and McMorrow,J. and Lennon,B. and Fawsy,M. and Cafferkey,M. and Harrison,R. F.}
}
