TY - JOUR T1 - Microbial contamination of human milk purchased via the Internet. JF - Pediatrics//Pediatrics Y1 - 2013 A1 - Keim, Sarah A A1 - Hogan, Joseph S A1 - McNamara, Kelly A A1 - Gudimetla, Vishnu A1 - Dillon, Chelsea E A1 - Kwiek, Jesse J A1 - Geraghty, Sheela R KW - *Internet/st [Standards] KW - *Milk Banks/st [Standards] KW - *Milk, Human/mi [Microbiology] KW - Colony Count, Microbial/st [Standards] KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Infant KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Internet/ec [Economics] KW - Milk Banks/ec [Economics] KW - Salmonella/ip [Isolation & Purification] KW - Staphylococcus/ip [Isolation & Purification] AB - OBJECTIVE: To quantify microbial contamination of human milk purchased via the Internet as an indicator of disease risk to recipient infants., METHODS: Cross-sectional sample of human milk purchased via a popular US milk-sharing Web site (2012). Individuals advertising milk were contacted to arrange purchase, and milk was shipped to a rented mailbox in Ohio. The Internet milk samples (n = 101) were compared with unpasteurized samples of milk donated to a milk bank (n = 20)., RESULTS: Most (74%) Internet milk samples were colonized with Gram-negative bacteria or had >10(4) colony-forming units/mL total aerobic count. They exhibited higher mean total aerobic, total Gram-negative, coliform, and Staphylococcus sp counts than milk bank samples. Growth of most species was positively associated with days in transit (total aerobic count [log10 colony-forming units/mL] beta = 0.71 [95% confidence interval: 0.38-1.05]), and negatively associated with number of months since the milk was expressed (beta = -0.36 [95% confidence interval: -0.55 to -0.16]), per simple linear regression. No samples were HIV type 1 RNA-positive; 21% of Internet samples were cytomegalovirus DNA-positive., CONCLUSIONS: Human milk purchased via the Internet exhibited high overall bacterial growth and frequent contamination with pathogenic bacteria, reflecting poor collection, storage, or shipping practices. Infants consuming this milk are at risk for negative outcomes, particularly if born preterm or are medically compromised. Increased use of lactation support services may begin to address the milk supply gap for women who want to feed their child human milk but cannot meet his or her needs. M1 - oxv, 0376422 PB - Keim,Sarah A. 700 Children's Dr, Columbus, OH 43205. sarah.keim@nationwidechildrens.org. CY - United States VL - 132 SN - 1098-4275 CP - 5 L2 - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&PAGE=reference&D=medl&NEWS=N&AN=24144714 ID - 4406 ER -